Background and Objective: Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is a standard and widely used method for obtaining prostate samples for histopathological examination. This procedure is generally safe, but complications, such as pain, hematuria, hematospermia, rectal bleeding, and rarely serious complications, such as sepsis, hematoma, and urinary retention, can occur. Materials and Methods: This report discusses a 55-year-old male patient who presented with a prostate abscess after a transrectal prostate biopsy. Results: The patient underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided drainage of the abscess. The pathogen identified was Escherichia coli. The patient was hospitalized for two days and received intravenous meropenem. He was discharged in good general condition. Conclusion: Advances in imaging and minimally invasive techniques have improved the management of Prostatic abscesses, allowing for effective treatment with minimal complications.

Prostatic intra-epithelialneoplasia (PIN) is considered a precursor of invasive carcinoma, characterized by proliferation and anaplasia of cells lining Prostatic ducts and acini. In this study, we applied the PIN grading system on one-hundred cases of Prostatic carcinoma and one-hundred cases of benign Prostatic hyperplasia, then compared the results. 74% of Prostatic carcinoma and 51% of Prostatic hyperplasia cases showed PIN foci. Most of the Prostatic carcinomas (61%) showed foci of high-grade PIN including grade II (46%) and grade III (15%). In benign Prostatic hyperplasia cases, only PIN grade I (26%) and grade II (25%) were seen.It is concluded that PIN and invasive adenocarcinoma of prostate are closely associated and the likelihood for coexistence is higher in patients with high grade PIN and especially if other factors such as prostate specific antigen and positive findings on sonography are also considered.

Introduction: The prevalence of BPH among 5-10 year old men is about 50% and it reaches 90% in 80 year old ones. The use of the components of citrus fruits containing a group of vitamines (specially C), flavonoid and a type of polysaccharides as pectin which are effective in treatment of hyperplasia, allergy and viral infection.Materials and Methods: This is a clinical-trial study conducted on two groups, each with 30 samples (patients drinking 60 ml sour orange Juice/daily and that administering 1 prozacin tablet daily as used in classical treatment). Convenient sampling was performed for selection of patients in both groups. From the patients referring to the specialty clinic in Jahrom. The data were collected through a checklist consisting of two parts of demographic information and AUA which measures the severity of Prostatic symptoms. SPSS software was used to analyzed data.Results: Comparison of the AUA mean scores before and after having sour orange juice revealed that the difference was significant (before: 25.833±0.823, after: 2.833±0.248, p=0.000) However, the same comparison for the control groups mean scores before and after taking the above mentioned tablet revealed a non-significant difference (before: 26.666±0.717,after: 26.666±0.723, p=1.000). Comparison of AUA mean scores of the case and control groups revealed that the difference was statistically significant (case group: 2.833±0.248 and control group: 26.666±0.723, p=0.000)Conclusion: Considering the finding of this study, citrus fruit can be effective in reducing the symptoms of prostate hypertrophy.

Background: Differentiation between Prostatic carcinoma and hyperplasia may not be difficult in most cases, but sometime it is a problem even for expert pathologists. The method of AgNOR staining was applied for evaluating the usefulness of it in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. Methods: 50 cases of Prostatic carcinoma and 50 cases of nodular Prostatic hyperplasia were selected and stained by the AgNOR (argirophilic nucleolar organizer region) method. These included prostatectomy (open/T.U.R.) or needle biopsy specimens of the prostate. Prostatic cancers were classified and graded according to Gleason's Histologic Grading System. Results: In Prostatic hyperplasia the mean number of AgNOR count was 1.35 per cell and in Prostatic carcinoma it was 3.77. Prostatic hyperpla,sia showed one or two well defined NORs, but in Prostatic carcinoma there were many large irregular NORS. In Prostatic hyperplasia the average percentage of cells exhibited three or more interphase AgNORs, which were 7.46% and in the Prostatic carcinoma 72.28%. Conclusions: AgNOR stair is useful for differentiation between Prostatic carcinoma and hyperplasia, but this stain may not be used as a reliable index for grading of Prostatic adenocarcinoma, because overlapping was seen in some cases.

Introduction: We examined the clinical effectiveness of prostate injection of botulinum A toxin in the treatment of BPH. Methods: In this descriptive study, 55 men with BPH, who had failed medical treatment and were poor risks for surgery, were treated by injection of botulinum A toxin into different parts of the transition zone. Amounts of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate symptom scores, quality-of-life index, prostate volume, postvoid residual urine volume, and peak urinary flow rates were recorded and compared for all patients before injection and 3 and 6 months after the injection. Results: The mean patient age was 78 ±2.5 years. The mean symptom score and quality-of- life index significantly improved after3 months. Maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax) showed a significant increase after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Postvoid residual urine volume had a significant decrease after 3 and 6 months (P<0.05). Mean serum total PSA decreased from 5.1±1.5 ng/ml to 2.7±1=0.9 ng/ml within 3 months after the treatment (P>0.05). Prostate volume decreased from 65±8=m8l to 59±6 ml within 1 month and to 49±5 ml within 3 months (P<0.05). The maximal treatment effect was seen after 1 week. At the end of the 6- month follow up, 48patients had improved symptoms and in 32patients, medical treatments were discontinued. Only in 7patients, symptoms were remaining. Conclusion: The study showed that Prostatic injection of botulinum A toxin (BTX-A) leads to rapid reduction of prostate volume as well as reduction in urethral resistance in patients with bladder outlet obstruction due to enlargement of prostate and it can be regarded as a treatment for resistant urinary retention in patients with benign Prostatic hyperplasia who are poor risks for surgery. This alternative treatment has the minimal side effects. It may even be considered as an adjuvant treatment in patients with prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase enzyme that synthesizes telomeric DNA on chromosome ends. The enzyme is important for the immortalization of cancer cells because it maintains the telomeres. METHODS: Telomerase activity (TA) was measured by fluorescence-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol (FTRAP) assay in prostate carcinoma and benign Prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). RESULTS: TA was present in 91.4% of 70 prostate cancers, 68.8% of 16 Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), 43.3% of 30 BPH*, 21.4% of 14 atrophy and 20% of 15 normal samples adjacent to tumor. There was not any significant correlation between TA, histopathological tumor stage or gleason score. In contrast to high TA in the BPH* tissue from the cancer-bearing gland, only 6.3% of 32 BPH specimens from patients only diagnosed with BPH were telomerase activity-positive. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that TA is present in most prostate cancers. The high rate of TA in tissue adjacent to tumor may be attributed either to early molecular alteration of cancer that was histologically unapparent, or to the presence of occult cancer cells. Our findings suggest that the re-expression of telomerase activity could be one step in the transformation of BPH to PIN.